乌克兰潜在战争如何影响全球数据中心和云计算行业
Why the Cloud and Data Center Industry Should Worry About a Potential War in Ukraine
译 者 说
俄乌危机事关全球数据中心产业链，对数据中心和云计算行业是个坏消息，或将恶化半导体短缺的局面。
乌克兰的战争风险对数据中心和云计算行业是个坏消息，或将恶化半导体短缺的局面
The prospect of a war in Ukraine is very bad news for the industry, and it may significantly exacerbate the ongoing semiconductor shortage.
Vladimir Galabov, Manoj Sukumaran | Feb 15, 2022
半导体制造极其困难且成本高昂。从推动芯片尺寸越来越小到不得不依赖稀缺难得的材料，三星、英特尔、德州仪器和 GlobalFoundries（格罗方德） 的业务举步艰难。不幸的是，乌克兰战争的前景对半导体行业来说是一个巨大利空，它可能会大大加剧持续的半导体短缺局面。
Semiconductor manufacturing is incredibly difficult and costly. From pushing the laws of physics to having to rely on rare and difficult-to-source substances, the job of Samsung, Intel, Texas Instruments, and GlobalFoundries has never been harder. Unfortunately, the prospect of a war in Ukraine is very bad news for the semiconductor industry, and it may significantly exacerbate the ongoing semiconductor shortage.
乌克兰的半导体工业
Ukraine and the semiconductor industry
乌克兰的 Iceblick、Ingas 和 Cryoin公司生产了全球 70% 以上的氖气。氖是一种用于半导体光刻，特别是DUV（深紫外光刻 ) 的气态化学元素。这是当前最先进EUV（极紫外）光刻的上一代，用于7nm及以下晶体管尺寸。DUV 工艺用于 14nm 到 248nm 的晶体管，包括英特尔的 Skylake 和 Cascade Lake 系列处理器。基于英特尔 10nm 工艺的当前一代 Ice Lake CPU 也依赖于 DUV。
Ukrainian companies Iceblick, Ingas, and Cryoin manufacture over 70% of the world’s neon gas supply. Neon is a gaseous chemical element used in semiconductor lithography, specifically deep-ultraviolet photolithography (DUV). This is the generation before the current extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV), which was used to reach the 7nm transistor size and below. The DUV process is used for transistors from 14nm to 248nm, including Intel’s Skylake and Cascade Lake processors. Even the current generation of Ice Lake CPUs based on Intel’s 10nm process relies on DUV.
为什么氖在光刻中如此重要呢？准分子激光器使用氟化氪 (KrF) 和氟化氩 (ArF) 等气体来产生光，这些气体在使用过程中会定期更换。事实上，准分子激光气体的电荷约为98%的氖，使得这种气体载体对激光器的运行至关重要。
Why is neon important in lithography? Excimer lasers use gases like krypton fluoride (KrF) and argon fluoride (ArF) to generate light, and those gases are regularly changed out during use. However, a charge of excimer laser gas is actually about 98% neon, making this carrier gas essential to the laser’s operation.
对数据中心行业的双重冲击
A double whammy for the data center industry
半导体行业上一次出现严重氖气短缺是在 2015/2016 年。当时的短缺是由于 2014 年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰克里米亚地区引起的。在短缺期间氖气价格上涨了 10 倍。
The last time the semiconductor industry experienced a severe neon shortage was in 2015/2016. That shortage was triggered by the Russian invasion of Ukraine’s Crimean region in 2014. Neon gas prices increased by 10x at the time of the shortage.
这种情况对云计算和数据中心行业来说是双重打击，全球经济开始从 COVID-19 大流行中复苏以来，该行业一直面临半导体短缺的问题。全球性科技研究机构Omdia 最新的数据中心服务器行业追踪更新中提示，从电源管理 IC 到FPGA（现场可编程门阵列) 再到开关应用集成电路 (ASIC) 的处理器都经历了较长的交付周期，预计供应将在 2022 年下半年和 2023 年初得以改善。
This situation is a double whammy for the cloud and data center industry, which has faced a semiconductor shortage ever since the global economy started recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. As discussed in Omdia’s latest Data Center Server Tracker, processors from power management ICs to field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to switch application-specific ICs (ASICs) are all experiencing long lead times. We anticipate supply will continuously improve through the second half of 2022 and the beginning of 2023.
基础判断
Bottom line
虽然科技研究机构Omdia 无法预测乌克兰的局势将如何演变，但有一点很清楚：其影响可能是广泛的，而且肯定会影响云计算和数据中心行业。
While Omdia cannot forecast how the situation in Ukraine will evolve, one thing is clear: the repercussions could be wide-reaching and will most certainly affect the cloud and data center industry.
深 知 社
翻译：
Eric
DKV（DeepKnowledge Volunteer）计划创始成员
公众号声明：
本文并非原文官方认可的中文版本，仅供国内读者学习参考，不得用于任何商业用途，文章内容请以英文原版为准。中文版未经公众号DeepKnowledge书面授权，请勿转载。